ppf.cement package

Submodules

ppf.cement.elementary module

Created on Wed Oct 25 09:39:57 2023

This file is intended to contain all elementary equations that will be used in the cement PPF model that are not part of the IPCC. Beware, some functions will be have to be moved at the “Collect” or “Clean” stage at a later point in time.

@author: mathi

ppf.cement.elementary.carbonation_depth(carbonation_rate, react_time)[source]

This function calculates the concrete carbonation depth, based on equation (2) from the supplement of Zi Huang et al. (2023) and corresponds to Equation 3.2 from the technical documentation.

Parameters:

  • carbonation_rate (float) – Carbonation rate coefficient of a particular strength class of concrete.

  • react_time (float) – Reaction time where the carbonation is taking place (most usually in years).

Returns:

carbonation_depth – Concrete carbonation depth in mm.

Return type:

float

ppf.cement.elementary.carbonation_rate(carb_coeff_env, carb_coeff_add, carb_coeff_co2, carb_coeff_cc)[source]

This function calculates the carbonation rate of concrete. It is based on Equation (1) from the supplement of Zi Huang et al. (2023) and corresponds to Equation 3.1 from the technical documentation.

Parameters:

  • carb_coeff_env (float) – Carbonated coefficient under different environments.

  • carb_coeff_add (float) – Carbonated coefficients of cement additives.

  • carb_coeff_co2 (float) – Carbonated coefficients from the CO2 concentration.

  • carb_coeff_cc (float) – Carbonated coefficient from the coating and cover.

Returns:

carbonation_rate – Carbonation rate coefficient of a particular strength class of concrete (in mm/(year)^(1/2)).

Return type:

float

ppf.cement.elementary.ckd_landfill(mass_clinker, ckd_on_clinker, coeff_ckd_landfill)[source]

This function calculates the amount of CKD (Cement Kiln Dust) that is sent to a landfill.

Parameters:

  • mass_clinker (float) – Mass of clinker that is considered (in tonnes).

  • ckd_on_clinker (float) – Fraction of CKD that is derived from clinker (fraction).

  • coeff_ckd_landfill (float) – Fraction of CKD tha issent into landfill (frcation).

Returns:

ckd_landfill – The mass of CKD sent to landfill (in tonnes).

Return type:

float

ppf.cement.elementary.co2_carbonated_concrete(cement_on_concrete, carbonation_rate, clink_on_cem, cao_in_clinker, cao_to_caco3, thick, react_time, mass_cement, cement_distrib)[source]

This function calculates the amount of CO2 that has been absorbed after a certain reaction time of use (lifetime) of concrete, based on the carbonation effect. Derived from equation (6) from the supplement of Zi Huang et al. (2023) and corresponds to Equation 3.4 from the technical documentation. The final results is given per year.

Parameters:

  • cement_on_concrete (float) – Fraction content of cement in concrete (in kg/m3).

  • carbonation_rate (float) – Carbonation rate coefficient of a particular strength class of concrete ) (in mm/(year)^(0.5)).

  • clink_on_cem (float) – Fraction of clinker on cement (fraction).

  • cao_in_clinker (float) – Fraction of CaO in clinker (fraction).

  • cao_to_caco3 (float) – Percentage of CaO converted to CaCO3 (fraction).

  • thick (float) – Average thickness of the cement-product under consideration (in mm).

  • react_time (integer) – Lifetime of the cement-product’s use (in years).

  • mass_cement (float) – Mass of cement produced (in tonnes).

  • cement_distrib (float) – Fraction of cement used in the respective product type (concrete, mortar…) (fraction).

Returns:

co2_carbonated – Amount of CO2 that has been carbonated from the concrete structure (in tonnes).

Return type:

float

ppf.cement.elementary.co2_carbonated_mortar(mass_cement, coeff_mortar_on_cement, ratio_mortar_type, carb_coeff_mortar, react_time, thick, clink_on_cem, cao_in_clinker, cao_to_caco3)[source]

This function calculates the amount of CO2 that has been absorbed after a certain reaction time of use (lifetime) of rendering mortar, based on the carbonation effect. Derived from equation (XXX) from the supplement of Zi Huang et al. (2023) and corresponds to Equation XXX from the technical documentation. The final results is given as a total value (not per year).

coeff_mortar_on_cementfloat

Fraction of cement used as a mortar (fraction).

ratio_mortar_typefloat

Fraction of rendering mortar on total mortar cement (fraction).

carb_coeff_mortarfloat

Carbonation diffusion rate of mortar (in mm/((year)^0.5)).

react_timefloat

Lifetime of mortar use (in years).

thickfloat

Average thickness of the cement-product under consideration (in mm).

clink_on_cemfloat

Fraction of clinker on cement (fraction).

cao_in_clinkerfloat

Fraction of CaO in clinker (fraction).

cao_to_caco3float

Percentage of CaO converted to CaCO3 (fraction).

Returns:

co2_carbonated – Amount of CO2 that has been carbonated from the concrete structure (in tonnes).

Return type:

float

ppf.cement.elementary.concrete_carbonated(carbonation_depth, cement_on_concrete, thick)[source]

This function calculates the amount of carbonated concrete over a certain period of time. It is based on equation (3) from the supplement of Zi Huang et al. (2023) and corresponds to Equation 3.3 from the technical documentation.

Parameters:

  • carbonation_depth (float) – Concrete carbonation depth in mm.

  • cement_on_concrete (float) – Cement content in concrete (fraction).

  • thick (float) – Thickness of the concrete structure in mm.

Returns:

concrete_carbonated – Amount coefficient of carbonated concrete (fraction).

Return type:

float

ppf.cement.elementary.elec_use_cement(mass_cement, elec_intensity)[source]

This function calculates the amount of electricity needed for the calcination and cement mill. It corresponds to Equation 3.5 from the technical documentation.

Parameters:

  • mass_cement (float) – mass of cement produced in tonnes.

  • elec_intensity (float) – Electricity needed per tonne of cement in the calcination and mill cement processes (in kWh/tonne).

Returns:

elec_use_cement – Total electricity consumption in the calcination and cement mill processes (in kWh).

Return type:

float

ppf.cement.elementary.energy_need_cement(mass_cement, energy_cement)[source]

This function calculates the energy need (heat) for the production of cement.

Parameters:

  • mass_cement (float) – Mass of cement that is considered in tonnes.

  • energy_cement (float) – the energy needed to produce cement (in GJ/tonne).

Returns:

energy_need_cement – The amount of energy that is needed to produce cement (in GJ).

Return type:

float

ppf.cement.elementary.gypsum_use_cement_mill(mass_cement, gyp_intensity)[source]

This function calculates the amount of gypsum needed for the cement mill and corresponds to Equation 3.6 from the technical documentation.

Parameters:

  • mass_cement (float) – mass of cement produced in tonnes.

  • gyp_intensity (float) – Gypsum needed per tonne of cement in the cement mill process (in tonne gypsum/tonne cement).

Returns:

gyp_use_cement_mill – Total gypsum consumption in the cement mill process (in tonnes).

Return type:

float

ppf.cement.elementary.mass_carbon_balance(mass_clinker, f_cao_on_clinker)[source]

This function verifies the mass and carbon balances for the production of clinker.

Parameters:

  • mass_clinker (float) – mass of clinker produced in tonnes.

  • f_cao_on_clinker (float) – Fraction of CaO on clinker (fraction).

Returns:

  • delta_mass (float) – Mass difference between input and output, in tonnes.

  • delta_c (float) – Mass difference between input and output, in tonnes.

ppf.cement.elementary.mass_clinker(mass_cement, clink_on_cem)[source]

This function calculates the mass of clinker, derived from the mass of cement.

Parameters:

  • mass_cement (float) – The mass of cement that is considered (in tonnes).

  • clink_on_cem (float) – The fraction of clinker needed to produce cement (in kg of clinker/kg of cement).

Returns:

mass_clinker – The mass of clinker that is needed to produce the cement considered (in tonnes).

Return type:

float

ppf.cement.elementary.waste_cement_construction(mass_cement, loss_coeff)[source]

This function calculates the amount of cement waste genertated during contruction processes (of buildings, walls, etc…).

Parameters:

  • mass_cement (float) – The mass of cement that is used for the construction (in tonnes).

  • loss_coeff (float) – Coefficient of the material losses occuring from cement use in the construction phase (frcction).

Returns:

waste_cement_construction – The mass of cement waste generated during the construction process (in tonnes).

Return type:

float

ppf.cement.sequence module

Created on Wed Oct 25 09:18:25 2023

@author: mathi

Sequences to determine GHG emissions’ from cement industry (combination of IPCC equations and extensions added to them.

ppf.cement.sequence.carbonation_cement_concrete(year=2011, lifetime_use_cement=10, region='US', cement_type='portland', uncertainty='def', exposure_condition='Exposed outdoor', compressive_strength='16-23 Mpa', structure='Wall', cement_product='concrete')[source]

This sequence function calculates the amount of carbonation that takes place in concrete, depending on the lifetime of use. A global result (over the whole lifetime) and a yearly result (for each year) is calculated in tonnes of CO2-absorbed.

Parameters:

  • year (integer, optional) – Year of cement production (and by assumption concrete). The default is 2011.

  • lifetime_use_cement (integer, optional) – Number of years that the concrete is used. The default is 10.

  • region (string, optional) – Region where the concrete is used. The default is “US”.

  • cement_type (string, optional) – Type of cement that is used to later produce concrete. The default is “portland”.

  • uncertainty (string, optional) – Defines the type of uncertainty we want to consider. The default is “def”.

  • exposure_condition (string, optional) – Defines the exposure condition of concrete. The default is “Exposed outdoor”.

  • compressive_strength (string, optional) – Defines the compressive stremght of concrete. The default is “16-23 Mpa”.

  • structure (string, optional) – Defines the type of structure in which the concrete is used. The default is “Wall”.

  • cement_product (string, optional) – Defined the type of cement-product that is considered (in this case, concrete). The default is “concrete”.

Returns:

The Python object contains attributes with the results mentioned in the description above.

Return type:

Python object

ppf.cement.sequence.carbonation_cement_mortar(year=2011, lifetime_use_cement=10, region='US', cement_type='portland', uncertainty='def', mortar_type='rendering', exposure_condition='Exposed outdoor', compressive_strength='16-23 Mpa', structure='Wall', cement_product='mortar')[source]

This sequence function calculates the amount of carbonation that takes place in mortar, depending on the lifetime of use. A global result (over the whole lifetime) and a yearly result (for each year) is calculated in tonnes of CO2-absorbed.

Parameters:

  • year (integer, optional) – Year of cement production (and by assumption concrete). The default is 2011.

  • lifetime_use_cement (integer, optional) – Number of years that the concrete is used. The default is 10.

  • region (string, optional) – Region where the concrete is used. The default is “US”.

  • cement_type (string, optional) – Type of cement that is used to later produce concrete. The default is “portland”.

  • uncertainty (string, optional) – Defines the type of uncertainty we want to consider. The default is “def”.

  • mortar_type (string, optional) – Defined the type of mortar that is considered. The default is “rendering”.

  • exposure_condition (string, optional) – Defines the exposure condition of mortar. The default is “Exposed outdoor”.

  • compressive_strength (string, optional) – Defines the compressive stremght of mortar. The default is “16-23 Mpa”.

  • structure (string, optional) – Defines the type of structure in which the mortar is used. The default is “Wall”.

  • cement_product (string, optional) – Defined the type of cement-product that is considered (in this case, mortar). The default is “mortar”.

Returns:

The Python object contains attributes with the results mentioned in the description above

Return type:

Python object

ppf.cement.sequence.mass_carbon_balance_cement(year=2011, region='US', cement_type='portland', uncertainty='def')[source]

This sequence function checks the carbon and mass balance of the cement production. More details can be found in the technical documentation on cement.

Parameters:

  • year (integer, optional) – Year of the cement production. The default is 2011.

  • region (string, optional) – Region of the cement production. The default is “US”.

  • cement_type (string, optional) – Type of cement that is produced. The default is “portland”.

  • uncertainty (string, optional) – Defined the type of uncertianty that we want to consider in the calculation. The default is “def”.

Returns:

A Python object os created with different attrobutes that contain the results mentioned in the description above.

Return type:

Python object

ppf.cement.sequence.production_cement(year=2011, region='US', cement_type='portland', uncertainty='def')[source]

This function calculates different factors related to the production of cement, namely: the mass of clinker needed to produce the cement considered (in tonnes), the electricity needed in kWh, the energy (heat) needed in GJ, the gypsum needed (in tonne), the production of CKD (Cwement Kiln Dust, in tonnes), and of cement waste during construction (in tonnes).

Parameters:

  • year (integer, optional) – Year of the cement production. The default is 2011.

  • region (string, optional) – Region of the cement production. The default is “US”.

  • cement_type (string, optional) – Type of cement that is produced. The default is “portland”.

  • uncertainty (string, optional) – Defined the type of uncertianty that we want to consider in the calculation. The default is “def”.

Returns:

A Python object os created with different attrobutes that contain the results mentioned in the description above.

Return type:

Python object

Module contents

Created on Thu Oct 26 09:28:07 2023

@author: mathi